HOW CAN AND BY HOW METHOD THE EXISTENCE OF EXTRA MAGNETIC ENERGY BE PROVEN AND WHAT ARE THE EXPERIMENT RESULTS?

Material and Method

 In our study, we tried to prove the hypothesis by comparing the amount of energy produced versus consumed with an experimental setup that was tried to be simplified enough to be done in almost any laboratory, and then by confirming the measurement base values ​​with a control experiment.

 Without going into details, we can summarize what we do as follows.  With the help of a switch, we gave current to a large coil winding for a short time.  Meanwhile, the coil winding started to attract the permanent magnet at the end of the rope opposite it, which can swing like a pendulum, and immediately after the magnet accelerated and touched the coil winding, we cut off the current by closing the switch.  We measured the electrical energy we consumed until the moment of contact and the energy lost due to heat in the coil separately, with the help of the mathematical processing function of an oscilloscope.  The starting time of the peak wave formed when the front contact surface of the magnet connected to the wire, which we fixed as a continuation of the wire coming from a different mini coil winding that we placed in the main coil winding, and the stretched conductive wire acting as a switch placed 1 cm before the contact limit, and the change in direction of the waves at the moment of contact with the coil winding. We saw it on the oscilloscope and calculated the speed of our magnet at the last moment of contact and the kinetic energy we obtained.  Finally, we were able to compare the total energy gained versus expended.

To carry out the experiment, we created a simple stand on which the coil winding was placed and the neodymium permanent magnet was suspended against the coil winding.  We attached a 7 cm diameter and 5 cm thick neodymium N52 grade permanent magnet with adhesive support on the sides to the two-sided fishing line at the center of gravity in the middle, turned it into a balanced pendulum that can easily move back and forth on the stand piece lying on the side, and hung it on the stand to center the bobbin winding from all sides.  Thus, we ensured that the friction was close to zero during movement.

 We made a large coil winding from coil wire with a wire diameter of 1 mm, approximately 10 cm in diameter, so that the total resistance amount was 1 ohm, including the connection sockets at the ends.  In order to make easy comparisons and reduce the margin of error in control experiment measurements, we chose the shunt resistor value to be 1 ohm.  We fixed the coil winding exactly vertically, 5 cm ahead of the pendulum.  We used a 12 V\ 9 amp Battery to reduce electrical artifacts and noise while supplying current to the coil winding.  During the experiment, we took the necessary precautions to keep the experimental stand away from sources and metals that may create electrical noise.  We used a Rigol DS1202 brand digital oscilloscope because the oscilloscope we will use to examine the waves must be capable of calculating energy by integral function-field measurement on the power waves created over time by the mathematical multiplication process of the channels.

On the line where the magnet touches the coil winding, 1 cm before the contact point, we stretched a thin conductive wire parallel to the coil winding and a thick wire or similar material that does not contain iron or similar metals on both sides, which will only serve as a fixing, and coincides with the middle point of the magnet when it touches.  Since even the distance of 1 millimeter is very important, we tried to reduce our margin of error by placing any object whose width we set as 1 cm and doing the stretching process at the border of this object.  In order for this stretched wire not to slow down the movement of the magnet, we carried out this stretching process by wrapping one end of the wire in the form of a ring that cannot be opened and that can slide on the fixing wire, and the other end by wrapping it around the fixing wire several times so that it can be opened when slightly forced.  At the corner point of the stretched wire where the magnet cannot touch, we placed another conductive wire connected to the main circuit, which would normally provide current by lightly touching this wire, with similar materials but stretched perpendicular to it, by moving it back and forth, we could adjust the hardness of contact with the other wire and therefore the current duration.  We arranged their locations so that immediately after the magnet touches the stretched wire and a short-term peak occurs, this contact, and therefore the current, ends when the two wires separate from each other.  Thus, when the magnet touched the coil winding, the stretched wire did not conduct transmission even though it touched the magnet, and in this way we could see the moment of contact more clearly.  On the contrary, if this current continued during the contact, other peak waves formed would prevent the moment of contact from being seen clearly.  Since the keys used should not contain metal that would attract the magnet and should not reduce the forward speed of the magnet, we preferred a design we made instead of ready-made ones.  We placed the mini coil winding, consisting of 15-20 windings, which we prepared from a thin coil wire of 0.1 mm diameter, connected serially to this second wire, which will complete the switch function, into our main large coil winding, and by trying it on its ends, we adjusted it to attract the permanent magnet when the current was applied, just like the real large coil winding. .  After stripping the wire end coming from the mini coil winding and making it conductive, we made the connection by attaching the end to the underside of the magnet with double-sided foam tape, as it does not require soldering if desired.  Since this additional coil winding is very thin and small, it has almost no effect on the movements of our main coil winding, as we would like.  Thus, 1 cm before the main large coil winding of the magnet, the stretched conductive wire that would act as a switch touched the middle part of the conductive face of the permanent magnet and completed the circuit for a short time with the wire coming from the mini coil winding connected to this face, which we fixed to this conductive surface of the magnet.  When it was not touching, the circuit was incomplete and open.  During the movement of approaching the main coil winding, the switch here is put into conduction by touching the magnet for a while, and the starting moment (1) of the peak wave formed on the wave showing the current due to the magnet effect on the mini coil winding and the start of the current, and secondly, the downward movement of increasing in amplitude after a while from this peak. We were able to find the moment when it stopped and started to move parallel (2), that is, the moment of contact, and made the calculations based on this data.

Results

When we started measuring, we put the oscilloscope in single scan mode.  One of the probes of the oscilloscope;  The blue one is called V on the oscilloscope to symbolize voltage/voltage to measure the voltage coming to our coil winding, and the other yellow probe is placed on both ends of our actual coil winding to measure the current passing through the system due to the voltage falling on the 1 ohm resistor. We call it A on the oscilloscope to symbolize current and shunt. We connected it to the resistor terminals as in the circuit shown in Figure-1.

Figure -1 Circuit Connection Diagram

In order to compare the waves more easily and to make it appear on the screen in an upward direction, as in the yellow current wave, we selected the invert option in the Voltage probe settings.  We set them all to 2 as appropriate amplitude values ​​per unit for current, voltage and mathematical (Math) function.  We chose the time interval per unit interval as 50 milliseconds.  In the integral function used to find the energy consumed by the oscilloscope, we chose the wave that would be formed as a result of the f(x) function, rather than a ready-made wave, as the power wave whose area would be measured by the integral.  After selecting the product (AxB) as the function of f(x) in the 1st step, we select the 1st Channel for f(x)-A and the 2nd Channel for f(x)-B, that is, we multiply the Current and Voltage.  The wave that will be formed as a result of the multiplication is the Spent Electrical Power Wave and the measurement of the area under this electrical power wave that occurs in a certain period of time, that is, the integral process gives us the total electrical energy we spent.  In summary, in this way, we command the oscilloscope to first multiply the current and voltage to create a power wave, but without showing me the resulting wave, we give the command to show the energy spent in this wave according to time with a purple wave.

 Immediately afterwards, we started the current by pressing A1, which is our main switch.  As the magnet rapidly approached the coil winding, first 1 cm left, the front face of the magnet and the stretched wire acting as the switch (A2) came into contact with each other, completing the circuit for a short time, and with the activation of the inner mini additional coil winding, this wave was reflected on the wave that we see in its entirety on the oscilloscope screen in figure-2. Towards the end we could see a peak or group of waves disrupting the normal slope.  Since there are fewer artifacts and no delay, the additional peak wave and the moment of contact on the current wave that we see in yellow can be observed more clearly and accurately.  This peak wave starting point shows the distance 1 cm away from our actual coil winding, which is the point where the permanent magnet touches the stretched wire (Figure-3\1.).  When the magnet moved a little further, the two wires were disconnected and the mini coil was deactivated, so the moment of contact could be observed more clearly.  The first moment when the wave starts to move parallel while traveling downwards is the moment when the magnet touches the coil winding (figure-3\ 2.) Immediately afterwards, the A1 switch was closed.

 

                                        Figure-2: Waves formed on the oscilloscope

                                                  Figure-3: Peaks and changes in waves

Here, after selecting the beginning of the integral calculation, that is, the beginning of the wave, with the cursor on the oscilloscope, we selected the moment of contact as the end time point, and we selected the same cursor to show the Math value and placed it at the top, end point of the purple wave showing the integral result, that is, the point where the moment of contact is.  In this way, we found that the time until the moment of contact was 114 milliseconds and 4.18 joules of electrical energy were spent during this time.

 Afterwards, we proceeded to the 2nd mathematical operation on the same waves to find the coil heat energy, which we will calculate as one of the gained energies.  The only difference in this calculation was that since we were based on the formula (I 2 x R x t), we only changed f(x)-B as the 1st channel in order to multiply the current wave with the current wave rather than the voltage.  The positions of the cursors where we selected the starting and ending point of measurement of the wave and all other settings were kept the same.  Since we set the pure ohmic resistance value of our coil winding as R = 1 ohm and multiplying the current by 1 in the formula does not change the result, when we multiply the current wave with the current wave on the oscilloscope, we actually get the current wave (I) in its static state when the winding is not made or when the current does not change anymore, which is what we need. By multiplying the voltage wave (V) falling on the coil winding ends, we find the power wave (P) consumed for heat loss.  In this way, we found the energy spent for Coil Heat Loss as 3.58 joules, using the mathematical integration process on the oscilloscope, in this power wave that occurs against time.

 Afterwards, in order to calculate the total energy gained, we tried to calculate the final speed and kinetic energy of our permanent magnet when it touched the coil winding.  For this purpose, in order to measure the time interval more precisely, we set the time as 2 ms / unit interval and measured the time between the beginning of the peak and the moment of contact as 9.64 ms with the help of the cursor.  Therefore, we calculated that the permanent magnet covered the last 1 cm distance in 9.64 ms as it approached the coil winding, and that the average speed of the permanent magnet in this range was 1.03 m/sec when we divided the distance taken by the formula (V =X/t)  

 Of course, the final speed at the moment of contact and that we need to use in the actual calculations will be slightly higher than the average speed in the interval that starts 1 cm before the moment of contact, but since we can show that we have gained enough magnetic energy to present the proof even with this lower speed we used in the calculations, we further reduce our margin of error.  In order to find the gained kinetic energy from the formula 1\2 mV2, when we measured the mass of the magnet with a digital precision scale, we found the value of 1.44 kg, and when we substituted it into the formula, we found the value of 1\2 x 1.44 x (1.03)2 = 0.76 joules.  To find the potential energy gained by the magnet as it rises upwards due to the movement of the pendulum, with the formula (m When we substituted the values ​​in the formula, we found the value: 1.44 kg x 9.81 x 0.006 meters (6 mm) = 0.08 joules.  When we substituted the values ​​of Total energy = (Energy Gained Due to Coil Heat Loss + Detectable Additional Electromagnetic Losses + Kinetic Energy Gained by the Magnet + Potential Energy Gained by the Magnet) to find the gained energy, we found that the total gained energy was 3.58 + 0 + 0.76 + 0.08 = 4.42 joules.  On the other hand, the Electrical Energy We Spent in the coil winding was 4.18 joules.  When we subtract the total energy gained from this value, we have seen through this experiment the existence of an energy obtained from the permanent magnet, which seems to be 4.42 – 4.18 = 0.24 joules more.